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Floydlal

20 Jun 2024 - 07:02 pm

Table of Contents
1. What is the difference between static and dynamic balance?
- Stationary Balance
- Moving Balance
2. Dynamic Balancing of Shafts Instructions
- Photo One: Initial Vibration Data
- Second Image: Installing Calibration Weight and Measuring Vibration
- Third Photo: Moving Calibration Weight and Re-Measuring Vibration
- Photo Four: Final Weights and Balance Confirmation
3. Measuring Angles for Corrective Weights Installation
4. Method for Calculating Trial Weight Mass
5. Correction Planes and Vibration Sensors
6. How to Perform Two-Plane Dynamic Balancing of a Fan
- How to Determine Planes and Install Sensors
- The Balancing Process
- Measuring Angles

How do static and dynamic balance differ?

Static Equilibrium
https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/?????_statika-1024x549.jpg

In the first photograph, the rotor is in a state of static imbalance. In this case, the rotor's center of gravity is offset from the axis of rotation, causing a one-sided force that tries to bring the rotor to a position where its heavier part is down. This imbalance is corrected by adding or removing mass at specific points on the rotor so that the center of gravity coincides with the axis of rotation. When the rotor is in static imbalance, turning it 90 degrees always results in the "heavy point" turning downward.

Static imbalance:
- Occurs while the rotor is still.
- The heavy point of the rotor is rotated downwards by gravity.

Balance in a static state: Utilized for narrow disc-shaped rotors, it corrects uneven mass in one plane.

Dynamic Balance
https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/long-rotor-1024x549.jpg

In the second photograph, the rotor is dynamically imbalanced with two separate mass displacements in different planes. This not only leads to a one-sided force like static imbalance but also generates moments that create extra vibrations during rotation. In cases of dynamic imbalance, the forces in one plane balance those in another. Thus, rotating the rotor 90 degrees does not cause the "heavy point" to turn downward, unlike static imbalance. Dynamic methods with a two-plane balancing vibration analyzer are required to correct this.

Moving imbalance:
- Occurs only during rotor rotation.
- It occurs because two unbalanced masses are in different planes along the length of the rotor. When the rotor rotates, these masses create centrifugal forces that do not compensate for each other due to their different locations.

To remove the dynamic imbalance, two compensating weights should be installed to create a torque that is equal and opposite to the torque produced by the unbalanced masses. These compensating weights do not need to be the same weight or opposite to the original masses, as long as they produce the needed torque to balance the rotor.

Dynamic equilibrium: Suitable for long double-axle rotors, eliminating uneven weight in two planes, preventing rotational vibration.

Instructions for Dynamic Shaft Balancing
https://vibromera.eu/product/balanset-1/

To balance shafts dynamically, we use the Balanset-1A device for balancing and vibration analysis.

The Balanset-1A, featuring 2 channels, is designed for dynamic balancing in two planes. This renders it suitable for a broad spectrum of uses, such as crushers, fans, mulchers, augers on combines, shafts, centrifuges, turbines, and many more. Its versatility in handling different rotor types makes it an essential instrument for numerous industries.

https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/?????????-scaled-1024x683.jpg

Photo 1: Initial Vibration Measurement
https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/5969837695301697405_121.jpg

The initial photo shows the first stage of the two-plane dynamic rotor balancing process. The rotor is mounted on the balancing machine. Vibration sensors are connected to the rotor and linked to a computer through a measuring unit. The operator starts the rotor, and the system measures the initial vibrations shown on the computer screen. This data serves as a baseline for future calculations.

Second Image: Installing Calibration Weight and Measuring Vibration
https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/5969837695301697404_121.jpg

The second photograph depicts the stage of placing a calibration weight on one side of the rotor in the first plane. A weight with a known mass is secured at an arbitrary point on the rotor, on the side of sensor X1. The rotor is started again, and the system records the vibration changes with the installed weight. This data is saved by the vibration analyzer to assess the weight's impact on the vibrations.

Image 3: Moving the Calibration Weight and Re-Measuring Vibration
https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/5969837695301697403_121.jpg

The third photo illustrates the stage of moving the calibration weight to the other side of the rotor. The weight is removed from the initial point and attached at another point on the opposite side of the rotor. The rotor is started again, and the vibration changes with the weight in the new position are measured. This data is also recorded by the portable balancing instrument for further analysis.

Fourth Photo: Installing Final Weights and Checking Balance
https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/5969837695301697402_121-1024x549.jpg

The final photo shows the last stage of balancing. Using measurement data from both sides, the vibration analyzer determines the angle and mass needed for complete rotor balancing. The weights are installed at the points specified by the instrument on the rotor. After installation, the rotor is started again to verify the results. The system shows that the vibration levels have significantly decreased, confirming successful balance.

Measuring Angles for Corrective Weights Installation
https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bs1ManualEngV156-May2023-10421367.png

The diagram shows the method for measuring the angle to install corrective weights during rotor balancing.

Direction of Rotation
https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bs1ManualEngV156-May2023-10431396.png

The diagram depicts the rotor's rotation direction with an arrow. The angle is measured in the direction of rotation.

Placement of Trial Weight
The trial weight is located at an arbitrary point on the rotor. This point is designated the "Trial weight position".

How to Measure Angles
The image depicts the angle f1 (or f2), measured from the trial weight position in the rotor's rotation direction. This angle indicates where to install the corrective weight for balancing.

Position of Corrective Weight (if added)
The corrective weight is positioned at the point marked with a red dot on the diagram. This point is termed the "Correction weight position (if added)". The angle f1 (or f2) is used to determine this weight's exact location.

Position of Corrective Weight (if removed)
If weight removal is needed for balancing, the corrective weight is removed from the point located 180° opposite the trial weight position. This point is marked with a red dot with diagonal lines on the diagram and is designated as the "Correction weight position (if deleted; 180° opposite)".

Method for Calculating Trial Weight Mass

The mass of the trial weight is calculated using this formula:

MA = Mp / (RA * (N/100)^2)

where:
- MA - mass of the trial weight, in grams (g)
- Mp - balanced rotor mass, in grams (g)
- RA - installation radius of the trial weight, in centimeters (cm)
- N - rotational speed of the rotor, in revolutions per minute (rpm)

Correction Planes and Vibration Sensors
https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bs1ManualEngV156-May2023-10485475.png
https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/??????-??????-??-2024-05-14-01-28-32-1024x573.png

The photograph below displays the mulcher rotor and identifies the correction planes and vibration measurement points:

Planes for Correction: 1 and 2:
Correction Plane (blue 1): One: Marks the first plane of rotor balancing, with sensor X1 installed closer to the right edge of the photo.

Correction Plane Two (blue 2): Marks the second plane of rotor balancing, with sensor X2 installed closer to the left edge of the photo.

Points of Installation: 1 and 2:
Installation One (red 1): The spot where the mass correction for the first plane will be performed.

Installation Two (red 2): The point where the mass correction for the second plane will be done.

This photo demonstrates the process of balancing a mulcher rotor. It shows the zones for installing corrective weights in two planes.

Two-Plane Dynamic Balancing of a Fan

Sensor Installation and Plane Determination

Getting Ready for Sensor Installation
Clean the surfaces for sensor installation, removing dirt and oil. Sensors must fit tightly to the surface.

Steps for Installing Vibration Sensors
https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2plschcons-1.png
https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/??????-??????-??-2024-05-14-01-29-01-1024x659.png
- Vibration sensors are mounted on the bearing housing or directly on the bearing housing.
- Sensors are generally installed in two perpendicular radial directions – usually horizontal and vertical.
- Vibration measurements are also taken at the machine's mounting points to the foundation or frame.
- Sensor 1 (red): Mount the sensor closer to the front of the fan, as depicted in the image.
- Sensor 2 (green): Install the sensor closer to the rear of the fan.

Connecting Sensors
Hook up the sensors to the Balanset-1A vibration analyzer.

Correction Planes Identification
- Plane 1 (red zone): This correction plane is closer to the right side of the fan.
- Plane 2 (green zone): This correction plane is located closer to the left side of the fan.

The Balancing Process

Initial Vibration Measurement
Start the fan and measure the initial vibration data.

Installing the Trial Weight
Install a trial weight of known mass on the first plane (Plane 1) at an arbitrary point. Start the fan and record the vibrations.

Move the trial weight to the second plane (Plane 2) also at an arbitrary point. Start the fan again and measure the vibrations.

Analyzing Data
https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/IMG_20190305_162103-1024x589.jpg
Using the obtained data, determine the correction weights and the points where they need to be installed to balance the fan.

How to Measure Angles

Steps to Determine the Angle for Correction Weights Installation
https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bs1ManualEngV156-May2023-10431396.png
https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bs1ManualEngV156-May2023-10431665.png
https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bs1ManualEngV156-May2023-10421367.png
The image below shows the method for determining the angle for installing correction weights:
- Trial weight position (blue dot): Position of the trial weight. This is the reference point, zero degrees.
- Correction weight position (red dot): Position of the correction weight.
- Angle f1 (f2): Angle measured from the trial weight position in the rotation direction.

Corrective Weights Installation
https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/5384253216985827502_120.jpg
Based on the angles and masses determined by the analyzer, install the correction weights on the first and second planes.

Measure the vibrations after installing the weights and ensure that they have decreased to an acceptable level.

Original Article : https://vibromera.eu/example/dynamic-shaft-balancing-instruction/

Kiabrill

20 Jun 2024 - 06:03 pm

Жаль, что сейчас не могу высказаться - очень занят. Освобожусь - обязательно выскажу своё мнение.
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